Membranes, Filmtec Membranes, Hydranautics, Toray and Koch Membranes

Pure Aqua

DOW / FilmTec

Hydranautics

Koch / Fluid Systems

Toray

Membranes – Reverse Osmosis, Filmtec, Hydranautics and Koch Membranes

Crossflow membrane filtration is a pressure-driven separation process. Application: Industrial, food, water, chemical, and biotechnology markets, as well as for those providing environmental protection.

Membranes serve as highly-engineered, physical barriers that permit the passage of materials only up to a certain size, shape or character. Pure Aqua offers reverse osmosis membranes, filmtec membranes, koch membranes, and Hydranautics membranes in a variety of configurations, materials and sizes; each designed to meet specific application needs

There are four main membrane separation processes currently employed for liquid/liquid and liquid/solid separation: microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO).

Spiral wound products have become the most commonly used membranes for industrial water applications such as boiler make-up water, brackish water treatment, seawater desalination, microelectronics and pharmaceutical water applications. These membranes are available as UF, NF and RO.

What is Semi-permeable Membrane?

Semi-permeable membrane refers to a membrane that selectively allows certain species to pass through it while retaining others. In actuality, many species will pass through the membrane, but at significantly different rates. In RO, the solvent (water) passes through the membrane at a much faster rate than the dissolved solids (salts). The net effect is that a solute-solvent separation occurs, with pure water being the product. (In some cases, dewatering is desired to concentrate the salts).

What is Osmosis?

Osmosis is a natural process involving the fluid flow of across a semi-permeable membrane barrier. Consider a tank of pure water with a semi-permeable membrane dividing it into two sides. Pure water in contact with both sides of an ideal semi-permeable membrane at equal pressure and temperature has no net flow across the membrane because the chemical potential is equal on both sides. If a soluble salt is added on one side, the chemical potential of this salt solution is reduced. Osmotic flow from the pure water side across the membrane to the salt solution side will occur until the equilibrium of chemical potential is restored. In scientific terms, the two sides of the tank have a difference in their “chemical potentials,” and the solution equalizes, by osmosis, its chemical potential throughout the system. Equilibrium occurs when the hydrostatic pressure differential resulting from the volume changes on both sides is equal to the osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure is a solution property proportional to the salt concentration and independent of the membrane.

Pure Aqua, Inc. is a wholesalers’ of the reverse osmosis membranes, Hydranautics membranes, filmtec membranes (dow membranes), koch membranes, toray membranes, to get more info

Reverse Osmosis Chemicals, Industrial & Commercial RO Chemicals

Industrial/Commercial

RO Chemicals Antiscalants Antifoulants Cleaning Cleaners

Reverse Osmosis Chemicals

Reverse osmosis chemicals to improve the performance of your reverse osmosis system’s membranes.

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane performance can be negatively impacted by impurities that build up on the membrane surface during operations. Suspended solids, microorganisms and mineral scale can foul membrane elements. These deposits can cause loss in output and/or rejection levels and reduce total system performance.

The membrane separation process utilizes a high-pressure feed to force water through a semi-permeable barrier. As the water passes through the membrane, contaminates are rejected and eventually flushed to the waste stream. The concentration of the contaminants is crucial to determine the design and operation of the membrane system. During normal operations, membranes can become fouled by colloidal material, inorganic oxides, biological matter, and scaling salts.

Fouling involves the entrapment of material in the feed water or deposits on the membrane surface. These deposits can accrue until they cause a reduction in flow, increase in feed pressure requirements, loss of salt rejection, or all three.

Pure Aqua membrane chemical’s products are formulated to treat a wide variety of commercial reverse osmosis (RO) systems, nanofiltration (NF), and ultrafiltration (UF) systems.

Pure Aqua offers a wide array of products to help you improve the performance of your membranes:

Antiscalants:

The Antiscalant chemical from Pure Aqua is designed to eliminate scale and reduce fouling in membrane systems, regardless of the feedwater source.

Successful membrane cleaning relies on both the effectiveness of the cleaning compounds and the design and operation of the cleaning equipment. Pure Aqua can offer suggestions on cleaning system design and cleaning procedures to ensure the most effective results.

Antifoulants:

Effective control of bacterial growth and slime.

Need better membrane performance?
At Pure Aqua, we understand how critical membrane performance is to your reverse osmosis system. We offer a complete line of products to extend the life of membrane elements, improve the quality of water produced and reduce the amount of maintenance and cleaning your reverse osmosis system requires.

Water Deionizers, Deionization Solutions

Industrial/Commercial

Mixed Bed Deionizers Rubber Lined Steel Tanks DM-6100 Series Medium-sized deionization (DI) RC-6500 Softening or Deionizing Cartridges	DM-6000 Series Medium-sized deionization EDI-Series Electrodeionization Systems

Deionizers

Pure Aqua is a leading provider of deionization solutions. Our water deionizers are rugged, pre-engineered, pre-assembled, standardized units that minimize expensive installation and start-up costs. We have designed our Deionization systems to maximize the efficiency and repeatability of the unit during the service and regeneration modes

The Process of Deionization or Ion-exchange

In the context of water purification, ion-exchange is a rapid and reversible process in which impurity ions present in the water are replaced by ions released by an ion-exchange resin. The impurity ions are taken up by the resin, which must be periodically regenerated to restore it to the original ionic form. (An ion is an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge. Positively-charged ions are called cations and are usually metals; negatively-charged ions are called anions and are usually non-metals).

The following ions are widely found in raw waters:

Cations	Anions
Calcium (Ca2+)	Chloride (Cl-)
Magnesium (Mg2+)	Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Sodium (Na+)	Nitrate (NO3-)
Potassium (K+)	Carbonate (CO32-)
Iron (Fe2+)	Sulfate (SO42-)

Ion Exchange Resins

There are two basic types of resin – cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins. Cation exchange resins will release Hydrogen (H⁺) ions or other positively charged ions in exchange for impurity cations present in the water. Anion exchange resins will release hydroxyl (OH^-) ions or other negatively charged ions in exchange for impurity anions present in the water.

The application of ion-exchange to water treatment and purification

There are three ways in which ion-exchange technology can be used in water treatment and purification: first, cation-exchange resins alone can be employed to soften water by base exchange; secondly, anion-exchange resins alone can be used for organic scavenging or nitrate removal; and thirdly, combinations of cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins can be used to remove virtually all the ionic impurities present in the feedwater, a process known as deionization. Water deionizers purification process results in water of exceptionally high quality.

Deionization

For many laboratory and industrial applications, high-purity water which is essentially free from ionic contaminants is required. Water of this quality can be produced by deionization.The two most common types of deionization are:

• Two-bed deionization
• Mixed-bed deionization

Two-bed deionization

The two-bed deionizer consists of two vessels – one containing a cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen (H⁺) form and the other containing an anion resin in the hydroxyl (OH^-) form. Water flows through the cation column, whereupon all the cations are exchanged for hydrogen ions.To keep the water electrically balanced, for every monovalent cation, e.g. Na⁺, one hydrogen ion is exchanged and for every divalent cation, e.g. Ca²⁺, or Mg²⁺, two hydrogen ions are exchanged. The same principle applies when considering anion-exchange. The decationised water then flows through the anion column. This time, all the negatively charged ions are exchanged for hydroxide ions which then combine with the hydrogen ions to form water (H2O).

Mixed-bed deionization

In mixed-bed deionizers the cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins are intimately mixed and contained in a single pressure vessel. The thorough mixture of cation-exchangers and anion-exchangers in a single column makes a mixed-bed deionizer equivalent to a lengthy series of two-bed plants. As a result, the water quality obtained from a mixed-bed deionizer is appreciably higher than that produced by a two-bed plant.

Although more efficient in purifying the incoming feedwater, mixed-bed plants are more sensitive to impurities in the water supply and involve a more complicated regeneration process. Mixed-bed deionizers are normally used to ‘polish’ the water to higher levels of purity after it has been initially treated by either a two-bed deionizer or a reverse osmosis unit.

Electrodeionization

EDI Electrodeionization Systems remove ions from aqueous streams, typically in conjunction with reverse osmosis (RO) and other purification devices. Our high-quality deionization modules continually produce ultrapure water up to 18.2MW/cm. EDI may be run continuously or intermittently

UV Sterilizers, Ultraviolet Water Treatment

Industrial/Commercial – Ultraviolet Sterilizers

	UVC-100 2 to 40 gpm UV Sterilizer Systems
	UVI-200 78 to 1300 gpm UV Sterilizer Systems

Residential – Ultraviolet Sterilizers

UVR
1 Gallon Per Minute

UV Sterilizers

Pure Aqua UV sterilizers utilize germicidal ultraviolet lamps that produce short wave radiation lethal to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms present in water.

Ultraviolet water treatment purification is a unique and rapid method of water disinfection without the use of heat or chemicals.

Through the years ultraviolet technology has become well established as a method of choice for effective and economical water disinfection.

Pure Aqua Ultraviolet Water Treatment Purifiers are the ideal solution for an ever growing range of water treatment applications. We provide UV water treatment systems from well known brands like Sterilite and R-Can.

Effective

Virtually all microorganisms are susceptible to Pure Aqua ultraviolet disinfection.

Economical

Hundreds of gallons are purified for each penny of operating cost.

Safe

No danger of overdosing, no addition of chemicals.

Fast

Water is ready for use as soon as it leaves the purifier – no further contact time required.

Easy

Simple installation and maintenance. Compact units require minimum space.

Automatic

Provides continuous or intermittent disinfection without special attention or measurement.

Chemical Free

No chlorine taste or corrosion problems.

Versatile

Capacities available from 2 to 800 gallons per minute (g.p.m.).

All lamps used in Pure Aqua units are low pressure type which affords the maximum efficiency in producing the required germicidal rays. In addition to the obvious advantages of high efficiency and low power requirements, there is no possibility of the unit overheating (as is the case with some other lamp types). Consequently, the need for additional equipment to combat overheating is eliminated.

With expertise of Pure Aqua uv sterilizers, you will receive economical solution that creates value for you while reducing your operating costs for reverse osmosis units.

Reverse Osmosis – Drinking Water Purification System

Reverse Osmosis, Water Filters and Water Purification Systems. Reverse osmosis separation technology is used to remove dissolved impurities from water through the use of a semi-permeable membrane. RO technology involves the reversal of flow through a membrane from a high salinity, or concentrated solution to the high purity

Reverse osmosis (RO), also known as hyper filtration, is used by our Commercial & Industrial Brackish Water & Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems to purify water by removing salts and other impurities. It is also capable of rejecting bacteria, sugars, proteins, particles, dyes

Choosing a home water purification system Drinking water should be based on the contaminants in water supplies and other personal needs. Drinking water systems by reverse osmosis is effective. But now, because of chemical contaminants such as herbicides and pesticides, and traces of prescription drugs, which are no longer sufficient.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) removes only the things that are heavier or larger than the water molecules. They only do that when regular maintenance. Distillers remove the only things that have a high boiling point of water. Most synthetic chemicals will not be removed through either process.

If a reverse osmosis system to purify drinking water requires electricity to operate. RO creates gallons of wastewater. Therefore, it is a good choice from the standpoint of the environment. They are also less economical alternatives.

Unique source for your water purification needs:

Reverse Osmosis systems from Pure Aqua deliver high performance at the lowest life-cycle costs. Our pre-engineered systems are built with high-quality components designed specifically for water purification. They arrive at your facility ready to run with all filters, membranes, pumps, piping, controls and operating manuals.

We supply membrane elements, valves, filters, pumps, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration equipment and other components. Pure Aqua is also unique in design and operation of these units. We build the complete machine, but Pure Aqua, Inc. stock all major RO systems components, such as membrane elements, controls, filters and high pressure pumps.

Adequate Water Filters and Water Purification Systems – Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Reverse osmosis separation technology is used to remove dissolved impurities from water through the use of a semi-permeable membrane. RO technology involves the reversal of flow through a membrane from a high salinity, or concentrated solution to the high purity, or “permeate”, stream on the opposite side of the membrane. Pressure is used as the driving force for the separation. The applied pressure (P) must be in excess of the osmotic pressure of the dissolved contaminants to allow flow across the membrane.

Reverse osmosis (RO), also known as hyper filtration, is used by our Commercial & Industrial Brackish Water & Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems to purify water by removing salts and other impurities. It is also capable of rejecting bacteria, sugars, proteins, particles, dyes, and other constituents that have a molecular weight of greater than 150-250 daltons.

Pure Water all have the option of drinking water filters and water purification systems. Water is very important for the human body. With more than half his body weight is water, can not survive more than a few days without it. Water is used in every cell of your body. It is the main component of fluid within the body systems, like blood. The water travels through the body carrying nutrients, oxygen and wastes to and from the cells. Many parts of his body as the heart, eyes, intestines, and even a little water from your fluid needs based on the finger to stay alive.

The water in the shower, cook, prepare juices, tea or coffee affects our health. Since water dissolves numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarely occurs in nature. Precipitation absorbs carbon dioxide and other gases as well as traces of organic and inorganic material from the atmosphere. Surface waters may contain domestic sewage and industrial wastes. Groundwater may contain nitrogen compounds and chlorides. Bottled water may be contaminated as well.

Pure Aqua, Inc. manufactures a full line of seawater desalination systems designed for heavy or continuous duty service in the marine applications where quality and dependable performance are keys. Our standard Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis systems are available with capacities ranging from 250 GPD to 500,000 GPD, and our standard Seawater Reverse Osmosis systems or water makers or RO desalination systems are available with capacities ranging from 380 GPD to 180,000 GPD. Pure Aqua is also capable of manufacturing custom built Reverse Osmosis plants.

Wastewater treatment and water purification equipment for all markets

Markets – Wastewater treatment and water purification equipment for all markets

The new century presents new technical and economic demands upon water treatment engineers for water treatment, wastewater treatment and water purification. Pure Aqua continuously searches for better answers for its clients. The wide array and complexity of water problems require new skills and multi-discipline expertise to achieve the best results. Pure Aqua serves a variety of clients’ needs with water treatment and water purification equipment, each with specific goals, and Pure Aqua has drawn upon its extensive range application experiences to optimize and innovate design solutions.

Pure Aqua, Inc. offers a wide variety of water treatment, wastewater treatment and water purification equipment and services to clients around the world. We serve all markets that use the following:

Membrane Processes

Membrane Pretreatment and Post treatment

Ion Exchange Systems

Water Purification Systems

Wastewater Treatment and Recycling

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Pure Aqua Supplied 30+ Commercial BWRO Systems to Saudi Arabia

Pure Aqua Supplied 30+ Commercial BWRO Systems to Saudi Arabia

Pure Aqua, Inc.successfully supplied more than 30 Commercial Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) systems to a major real estate sector in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia in 2003. Custom made systems capacities are between 3,000GPD and 10,000GPD of product water used for drinking and irrigation purposes. The feed water TDS is about 5,000PPM. BWRO systems were also supplied with membranes cleaning skids.

Process Description

Feed water to the systems is well water, raw water TDS is about 5,000PPM. Due to the 5,000PPM salinity, systems were designed based on TFC spiral wound membranes. Temperature ranges between 25º C and 35º C. The custom-made BWRO systems produce 3,000GPD to10,000GPD of drinking water with TDS less than 300mg/L.

Pure Aqua Supplied two SWRO Systems to Lebanon

Pure Aqua supplied two sea water reverse osmosis systems SWRO for a major livestock applications for a Lebanese livestock importing company; plant’s capacity is 2 x 6,000 GPD

Process Description

Feed water to the plant is supplied direct from the seawater. Each se water plant capacity is 6,000GPD of product water used for drinking and washing purposes. Plants were designed based on TFC spiral wound membranes, which can handle the salinity of 40,000mg/L.

Pre Treatment

• Antiscalant Dosing System
• Automatic Multi Media Filter
• 50 micron bag filter

Location: Beirut, Lebanon

Pure Aqua Supplied an Industrial Seawater RO System Aysir Tourism Resort in Turkey

Pure Aqua Supplied an Industrial Seawater RO System Aysir Tourism Resort in Turkey

In 2004, Pure Aqua, Inc. manufactured and supplied an industrial seawater reverse osmosis (RO) system for the Aysir Tourism Resort in Turkey. The system consists of two independent units with a total capacity of400m3per day of product water.

The system consists of two independent units with a total capacity of 400m3per day of product water. Prior toPure Aqua’s involvement, RO pilot installations had been employed on thesite with limited success. Membranes became fouled and/or scaled, and the owners were not convinced that the RO equipment would provide adependable long-term water supply for the property. Shipping potable water by truck became a likely means of supplying the resort.

Background

Because of the Aysir Tourism Resort’s location, city or municipal water was not available. In addition, because of the resort’s close proximity to the sea,well water in the area was 40,000 ppm or more TDS. It was estimated that the resort would need as much as 400 m3per day to meet its potable and irrigation water needs. After careful analysis of the resort’s needs and location, the technical staff of Pure Aqua, Inc., a manufacturer and wholesale distributor of RO systems and components for industrial and commercial applications located in Irvine, California, decided that a seawater RO was the most effective and efficient method of obtaining the quality and quantity of water necessary for the resort’s daily operations.

System & Process

The feed water to the system was supplied from a beach-well with raw water TDS of about 40,000 ppm.The system design was based on high rejection TFC spiral wound membranes with an energy recovery turbine.The seawater RO systems were selected from Pure Aqua’s SWI Series. Each produces 200 m3per day of drinking water with TDS less than 300 mg/L. In addition, Pure Aqua proposed enhancing pretreatment to the RO system. Itwas recommended that chlorine be injected into the feed for disinfection. Acid was then added to lower pH and minimize calcium precipitation. After media filtration, sodium bisulfite was injected to remove residual chlorine, which if present, is harmful to RO membrane elements. Finally,1–2 ppm antiscalant was added to the feed just prior to the cartridge filters on the RO skids.This pretreatment scheme addressed the concerns presented by the feed water analysis and previous pilot tests. It was also proposed that pretreatment equipment functions should be measured / monitored by a touch panel that controlled the RO system.The overall process is briefly described below.

Pretreatment of raw water includes:

• Chlorination to prevent bacterial growth in piping
• Acid injection to prevent calcium precipitation
• Filtration using conventional media filters to reduce suspended solids (SS) to 10-micron size
• Dechlorination by addition of sodium bisulfite to remove Free Chlorine in the feed water
• Antiscalant injection to prevent membrane fouling.

The pretreatment was adopted inconjunction with the RO equipment. The seawater RO units consist ofthe following:

• Feed and backwash pumps
• 5-micron cartridge filters to reduce feed water silt density index (SDI) and to limit the SS to 5-micron size
• Seawater RO membranes feed high pressure pumps
• TFC spiral wound membranes to reduce the TDS from 40,000 mg/L to less than 300 mg/L
• Seawater RO flushing and clean-ing system to maintain the membrane performance
• Touch-screen programmable logic control-based control panel
• Energy recovery turbine (recovering up to 35% ofthe energy consumption) and variable frequency drive.

Performance

The desalination plant produces 2 x 200 m3per day of drinking water with TDS less than 300 mg/L from feed water with a TDS of about 40,000 mg/L at temperature range of19 to 27°C.Trials concluded that acid injection could be suspended without affecting the operations of the plant. From its initial start-up in 2004,the plant has been running smoothly with minimal trouble-shooting. As a result, the resort has a reliable and steady supply of potable water at a cost far less than shipping water to the site.